Laparoscopic Surgery Expert Highlights STI Risks and Prevention

Dr. Ciprian Cristescu, the head of Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgery at SANADOR, has warned about the significant risks associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which often go unnoticed due to their asymptomatic nature. In a recent discussion, he highlighted the necessity of regular gynecological check-ups, especially for women who cease visits after childbirth. Late diagnoses follow.

Common symptoms that should prompt a visit to a gynecologist include persistent itching, burning, or unusual discharge. Dr. Cristescu pointed out that many STIs, such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Mycoplasma, and HPV, can remain asymptomatic, and if undetected, these infections can lead to serious complications including infertility, as they can affect the quality of the fallopian tubes.

Screening is important. It matters particularly for those experiencing infertility issues, as it can detect asymptomatic infections that might otherwise remain hidden for years. Certain STIs, like Hepatitis B, C, and HIV, can be sexually transmitted, with HIV notably lacking vaginal symptoms. Oncogenic strains of HPV are particularly concerning, as they can cause precancerous lesions and cervical cancer over many years.

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Dr. Cristescu emphasized the dangers of self-medication without a proper diagnosis. Professional medical evaluation is necessary. A thorough gynecological consultation typically involves a speculum exam, bacterial cultures, HPV testing, and cytology.

Preventive measures such as the HPV vaccine, recommended before sexual activity, are highly effective in reducing the risk of infection. Testing for STIs may involve vaginal or cervical samples, urine, or blood tests, depending on the patient's history and symptoms. The absence of infection can sometimes be attributed to a lack of lactobacilli, while menopause-related estrogen decreases can alter vaginal flora. This causes discomfort.

Untreated infections like HPV can progress to cervical cancer, and bacterial infections can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ovarian abscesses, or even peritonitis, which is life-threatening. Untreated STIs can also block fallopian tubes, impairing fertility and increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancies. In severe cases, PID might necessitate surgical intervention, including the removal of reproductive organs. For women without fallopian tubes, in vitro fertilization (IVF) offers a path to motherhood.

STIs pose risks not only to the infected individuals but also to their unborn children, potentially leading to congenital diseases such as syphilis. Screening during pregnancy allows for timely treatment. This reduces the risk of transmission to the child. With proper management, HIV-positive mothers can give birth to HIV-negative children.